Error During Netlify Deployment - Build script returned non-zero exit code: 2

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Hi everyone,

I’m encountering an issue deploying my Hugo site, created using RStudio and the blogdown library. The build fails with the error: Build script returned non-zero exit code: 2

Here are the details of my setup:

Build Settings & Logs:
Build Setting screenshot:

build_settings
build_settings416×420 25.2 KB

I copy here the log of the failed deployment:

Summary

7:32:54 PM: build-image version: 044a471eb752a4c45159cdf15dd17713312bf318 (focal)
7:32:54 PM: buildbot version: cb208300f207dc39831223d4086208479ded63c7
7:32:54 PM: Fetching cached dependencies
7:32:54 PM: Failed to fetch cache, continuing with build
7:32:54 PM: Starting to prepare the repo for build
7:32:54 PM: No cached dependencies found. Cloning fresh repo
7:32:54 PM: git clone --filter=blob:none GitHub - whatswrongintown/cinema-teatro-sestito: Un sito web dedicato al Cinema Teatro Sestito
7:32:55 PM: Preparing Git Reference refs/heads/main
7:33:00 PM: Starting to install dependencies
7:33:02 PM: mise python@3.13.2 install
7:33:02 PM: mise python@3.13.2 download cpython-3.13.2+20250311-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only_stripped.tar.gz
7:33:02 PM: mise python@3.13.2 extract cpython-3.13.2+20250311-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only_stripped.tar.gz
7:33:03 PM: mise python@3.13.2 python --version
7:33:03 PM: mise python@3.13.2 Python 3.13.2
7:33:03 PM: mise python@3.13.2 ✓ installed
7:33:03 PM: Python version set to 3.13
7:33:04 PM: Collecting pipenv
7:33:04 PM: Downloading pipenv-2024.4.1-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (17 kB)
7:33:04 PM: Collecting certifi (from pipenv)
7:33:04 PM: Downloading certifi-2025.1.31-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (2.5 kB)
7:33:05 PM: Collecting packaging>=22 (from pipenv)
7:33:05 PM: Downloading packaging-24.2-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (3.2 kB)
7:33:05 PM: Collecting setuptools>=67 (from pipenv)
7:33:05 PM: Downloading setuptools-76.0.0-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (6.7 kB)
7:33:05 PM: Collecting virtualenv>=20.24.2 (from pipenv)
7:33:05 PM: Downloading virtualenv-20.29.3-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (4.5 kB)
7:33:05 PM: Collecting distlib<1,>=0.3.7 (from virtualenv>=20.24.2->pipenv)
7:33:05 PM: Downloading distlib-0.3.9-py2.py3-none-any.whl.metadata (5.2 kB)
7:33:05 PM: Collecting filelock<4,>=3.12.2 (from virtualenv>=20.24.2->pipenv)
7:33:05 PM: Downloading filelock-3.18.0-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (2.9 kB)
7:33:05 PM: Collecting platformdirs<5,>=3.9.1 (from virtualenv>=20.24.2->pipenv)
7:33:05 PM: Downloading platformdirs-4.3.6-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (11 kB)
7:33:05 PM: Downloading pipenv-2024.4.1-py3-none-any.whl (3.0 MB)
7:33:05 PM: ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 3.0/3.0 MB 42.4 MB/s eta 0:00:00
7:33:05 PM: Downloading packaging-24.2-py3-none-any.whl (65 kB)
7:33:05 PM: Downloading setuptools-76.0.0-py3-none-any.whl (1.2 MB)
7:33:05 PM: ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 1.2/1.2 MB 27.4 MB/s eta 0:00:00
7:33:05 PM: Downloading virtualenv-20.29.3-py3-none-any.whl (4.3 MB)
7:33:05 PM: ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 4.3/4.3 MB 72.8 MB/s eta 0:00:00
7:33:05 PM: Downloading certifi-2025.1.31-py3-none-any.whl (166 kB)
7:33:05 PM: Downloading distlib-0.3.9-py2.py3-none-any.whl (468 kB)
7:33:05 PM: Downloading filelock-3.18.0-py3-none-any.whl (16 kB)
7:33:06 PM: Downloading platformdirs-4.3.6-py3-none-any.whl (18 kB)
7:33:06 PM: Installing collected packages: distlib, setuptools, platformdirs, packaging, filelock, certifi, virtualenv, pipenv
7:33:08 PM: Successfully installed certifi-2025.1.31 distlib-0.3.9 filelock-3.18.0 packaging-24.2 pipenv-2024.4.1 platformdirs-4.3.6 setuptools-76.0.0 virtualenv-20.29.3
7:33:08 PM: [notice] A new release of pip is available: 24.3.1 → 25.0.1
7:33:08 PM: [notice] To update, run: pip install --upgrade pip
7:33:09 PM: Attempting Ruby version 2.7.2, read from environment
7:33:09 PM: Using Ruby version 2.7.2
7:33:10 PM: Started restoring cached go cache
7:33:10 PM: Finished restoring cached go cache
7:33:12 PM: go version go1.19.13 linux/amd64
7:33:13 PM: Using PHP version 8.0
7:33:13 PM: Installing Hugo 0.136.5
7:33:14 PM: hugo v0.136.5-46cccb021bc6425455f4eec093f5cc4a32f1d12c+extended linux/amd64 BuildDate=2024-10-24T12:26:27Z VendorInfo=gohugoio
7:33:15 PM: Downloading and installing node v20.19.0…
7:33:15 PM: Downloading https://nodejs.org/dist/v20.19.0/node-v20.19.0-linux-x64.tar.xz…
7:33:16 PM: Computing checksum with sha256sum
7:33:16 PM: Checksums matched!
7:33:18 PM: Now using node v20.19.0 (npm v10.8.2)
7:33:18 PM: Enabling Node.js Corepack
7:33:18 PM: Started restoring cached build plugins
7:33:18 PM: Finished restoring cached build plugins
7:33:19 PM: Successfully installed dependencies
7:33:19 PM: Starting build script
7:33:20 PM: Detected 1 framework(s)
7:33:20 PM: “hugo” at version “unknown”
7:33:20 PM: Section completed: initializing
7:33:21 PM: ​
7:33:21 PM: Netlify Build
7:33:21 PM: ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
7:33:21 PM: ​
7:33:21 PM: ❯ Version
7:33:21 PM: @netlify/build 29.59.2
7:33:21 PM: ​
7:33:21 PM: ❯ Flags
7:33:21 PM: accountId: 643ad2d33f8df4575a2a716f
7:33:21 PM: baseRelDir: true
7:33:21 PM: buildId: 67d47646484d380008c759b2
7:33:21 PM: deployId: 67d47646484d380008c759b4
7:33:21 PM: ​
7:33:21 PM: ❯ Current directory
7:33:21 PM: /opt/build/repo
7:33:21 PM: ​
7:33:21 PM: ❯ Config file
7:33:21 PM: /opt/build/repo/netlify.toml
7:33:21 PM: ​
7:33:21 PM: ❯ Context
7:33:21 PM: production
7:33:22 PM: ​
7:33:22 PM: ❯ Installing plugins
7:33:22 PM: - @netlify/plugin-lighthouse@6.0.1
7:33:32 PM: ​
7:33:32 PM: ❯ Loading plugins
7:33:32 PM: - @netlify/plugin-lighthouse@6.0.1 from Netlify app
7:33:33 PM: ​
7:33:33 PM: build.command from netlify.toml
7:33:33 PM: ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
7:33:33 PM: ​
7:33:33 PM: $ hugo
7:33:33 PM: Start building sites …
7:33:33 PM: hugo v0.136.5-46cccb021bc6425455f4eec093f5cc4a32f1d12c+extended linux/amd64 BuildDate=2024-10-24T12:26:27Z VendorInfo=gohugoio
7:34:10 PM: Failed during stage ‘building site’: Build script returned non-zero exit code: 2 (Search results for '"non-zero exit code: 2"' - Netlify Support Forums)
7:34:10 PM: ERROR render of “page” failed: “/opt/build/repo/layouts/_default/single.html:1:3”: execute of template failed: template: _default/single.html:1:3: executing “_default/single.html” at <partial “header.html” .>: error calling partial: “/opt/build/repo/themes/hugo-lithium/layouts/partials/header.html:4:7”: execute of template failed: template: partials/header.html:4:7: executing “partials/header.html” at <partial “head.html” .>: error calling partial: partial “head.html” timed out after 30s. This is most likely due to infinite recursion. If this is just a slow template, you can try to increase the ‘timeout’ config setting.
7:34:10 PM: ERROR render of “page” failed: “/opt/build/repo/layouts/_default/single.html:1:3”: execute of template failed: template: _default/single.html:1:3: executing “_default/single.html” at <partial “header.html” .>: error calling partial: partial “header.html” timed out after 30s. This is most likely due to infinite recursion. If this is just a slow template, you can try to increase the ‘timeout’ config setting.
7:34:10 PM: Total in 36446 ms
7:34:10 PM: Error: error building site: render: failed to render pages: render of “page” failed: “/opt/build/repo/layouts/_default/single.html:1:3”: execute of template failed: template: _default/single.html:1:3: executing “_default/single.html” at <partial “header.html” .>: error calling partial: “/opt/build/repo/themes/hugo-lithium/layouts/partials/header.html:4:7”: execute of template failed: template: partials/header.html:4:7: executing “partials/header.html” at <partial “head.html” .>: error calling partial: partial “head.html” timed out after 30s. This is most likely due to infinite recursion. If this is just a slow template, you can try to increase the ‘timeout’ config setting.
7:34:10 PM: ​
7:34:10 PM: “build.command” failed
7:34:10 PM: ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
7:34:10 PM: ​
7:34:10 PM: Error message
7:34:10 PM: Command failed with exit code 1: hugo (Search results for '"non-zero exit code: 1"' - Netlify Support Forums)
7:34:10 PM: ​
7:34:10 PM: Error location
7:34:10 PM: In build.command from netlify.toml:
7:34:10 PM: hugo
7:34:10 PM: ​
7:34:10 PM: Resolved config
7:34:10 PM: build:
7:34:10 PM: command: hugo
7:34:10 PM: commandOrigin: config
7:34:10 PM: environment:
7:34:10 PM: - HUGO_VERSION
7:34:10 PM: - HUGO_ENV
7:34:10 PM: publish: /opt/build/repo/public
7:34:10 PM: publishOrigin: config
7:34:10 PM: plugins:
7:34:10 PM: - inputs: {}
7:34:10 PM: origin: ui
7:34:10 PM: package: ‘@netlify/plugin-lighthouse’
7:34:10 PM: Build failed due to a user error: Build script returned non-zero exit code: 2
7:34:10 PM: Failing build: Failed to build site
7:34:10 PM: Finished processing build request in 1m16.422s

Additional Context:

  • I verified that the site works perfectly in my local environment by using the blogdown function serve_site() in RStudio.
  • I ensured Hugo is installed in the build environment and set the correct Hugo version in Netlify.
  • I’ve also consulted “Why did it fails” many times, and Netlify’s Ask Netlify chatbot and the Support Guide and this Formu, but I couldn’t find a solution.
  • I’ve tried to check my layouts, partials and shortcodes, but are working fine on my local environment.

Any assistance would be greatly appreciated. Thank you in advance!

2

The build failed with the following error:

7:34:10 PM: Error: error building site: render: failed to render pages: render of “page” failed: “/opt/build/repo/layouts/_default/single.html:1:3”: execute of template failed: template: _default/single.html:1:3: executing “_default/single.html” at <partial “header.html” .>: error calling partial: “/opt/build/repo/themes/hugo-lithium/layouts/partials/header.html:4:7”: execute of template failed: template: partials/header.html:4:7: executing “partials/header.html” at <partial “head.html” .>: error calling partial: partial “head.html” timed out after 30s. This is most likely due to infinite recursion. If this is just a slow template, you can try to increase the ‘timeout’ config setting.

Could you ensure there’s not an infinite loop somewhere in your code causing this error?

3

Hey, thanks for the reply. After your comment, I explored the partial “header.html”, that was pointing to another partial “head.html”, in which there was another partial “head_highlightjs” causing the error:

Summary

{{ if and (not .Params.disable_highlight) (in (string .Content) “”) }}
{{ $highTheme := .Site.Params.highlightjsTheme }}
{{ with .Site.Params.highlightjsVersion }}

{{ end }} {{ end }}

by removing this last partial inside the “head.html” file the deploy on Netlify was working again. However, was not able to understand why this was causing the error. Was working fine before. Also, by using the predefined template provided by blogdown library, I could not understand what that partial was doing.